<\/a>\u00cen anul 1880, Portugalia a recunoscut independen\u0163a de stat a Rom\u00e2niei. Cu ocazia \u00eemplinirii a 130 de ani de la acest eveniment, Romfilatelia introduce \u00een circula\u0163ie emisiunea comun\u00e3 de m\u00e3rci po\u015ftale \u201eCeramic\u00e3 \u2013 Cahle \u015fi Azulejos\u201c.
\nMagie a focului \u015fi vraj\u00e3 a p\u00e3m\u00e2ntului udat de apa vie\u0163ii, modelarea lutului a devenit pentru om primul pas spre art\u00e3 \u015fi m\u00e3iestrie.
\nAp\u00e3rut\u00e3 pe la 7800 \u00ee.Hr. \u00een Orientul Mijlociu, ceramica a fost decorat\u00e3 dup\u00e3 aproape dou\u00e3 mii de ani, prin incizii, prin lustruire cu piatra sau prin presare; mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een jurul anului 1200 \u00ee.Hr. s-au folosit \u015fi culorile.
\nRemarcabila dezvoltare a ceramicii este atestat\u00e3 \u00een Orientul Mijlociu, \u00een \u00eentregul bazin al Mediteranei, cu extindere spre lumea roman\u00e3 \u015fi Bizan\u0163.
\nAt\u00e2t obiectele destinate nevoilor casnice c\u00e2t \u015fi cele folosite pentru decorul caselor \u015fi al palatelor vor cunoa\u015fte o continu\u00e3 diversificare p\u00e2n\u00e3 \u00een perioada Rena\u015fterii.
\nPalate domne\u015fti \u015fi biserici vor fi decorate, pe pere\u0163i, cu c\u00e3r\u00e3mizi colorate \u015fi sm\u00e3l\u0163uite. Totodat\u00e3 apar \u015fi pl\u00e3ci – cahle – destinate confec\u0163ion\u00e3rii sobelor, ceea ce va duce la dezvoltarea manufacturilor \u00een care olarii realizau aceste piese din lut.
\nCahla, plac\u00e3 de p\u00e3m\u00e2nt, ars\u00e3 \u00een cuptor \u201ela ro\u015fu\u201c, micasat\u00e3 sau sm\u00e3l\u0163uit\u00e3, are form\u00e3 p\u00e3trat\u00e3 sau dreptunghiular\u00e3 \u015fi a fost \u00eentrebuin\u0163at\u00e3 la construirea sistemelor de \u00eenc\u00e3lzit \u015fi preparat hrana.
\nDescoperirile arheologice dat\u00e2nd din secolele XIV \u015fi XV au eviden\u0163iat preferin\u0163ele elitelor pentru decorarea \u00eenc\u00e3perilor cu sobe construite din cahle.
\nOrnamentele folosite pe cahle sunt geometrice, zoomorfe, fitomorfe, antropomorfe, heraldice, religioase.
\nImaginea reprodus\u00e3 pe timbrul cu valoarea de 3,10 Lei reprezint\u00e3 o cahl\u00e3 din Bistri\u0163a-N\u00e3s\u00e3ud, de origine s\u00e3seasc\u00e3 dat\u00e2nd din a doua jum\u00e3tate a sec. XIX, f\u00e3c\u00e2nd parte din colec\u0163ia Muzeului Na\u0163ional al \u021a\u00e3ranului Rom\u00e2n din Bucure\u015fti. Este modelat\u00e3 prin presarea lutului \u00een tipar, ars\u00e3 \u00een cuptor, sm\u00e3l\u0163uit\u00e3 \u015fi pictat\u00e3 cu cornul.
\nPiesa este de form\u00e3 dreptunghiular\u00e3 \u015fi este ornamentat\u00e3 cu motive florale stilizate: margarete, lalele, garoafe, a\u015fezate \u00een c\u00e2mpul central \u015fi \u00een col\u0163urile acestuia.
\nAzulejos sunt pl\u00e3ci de ceramic\u00e3, decorate \u015fi vitrificate, folosite \u00een acoperirea unor suprafe\u0163e mari, fie \u00een interiorul cl\u00e3dirilor, fie pe fa\u0163adele lor. Azulejo este un cuv\u00e2nt ce deriv\u00e3 din cel arab al-zulayi (\u00eensemn\u00e2nd \u201epiatr\u00e3 \u015flefuit\u00e3\u201c).
\nLa \u00eenceputul secolului al XVI-lea, apare la Sevilla, pentru prima oar\u00e3, utilizarea pl\u00e3cu\u0163elor de ceramic\u00e3 la acoperirea unui perete monumental.
\nTehnica folosit\u00e3 \u00een prelucrarea ceramicii a evoluat constant, de la modelele maure, geometrice sau dantelate, la teme cu plante \u015fi animale.
\nAzulejos constituie unul dintre elementele reprezentative din cultura portughez\u00e3, dezv\u00e3luind simbioza dintre aceast\u00e3 cultur\u00e3, cele europene \u015fi arabe.
\nTotodat\u00e3 folosirea azulejos demonstreaz\u00e3 un sens practic prin utilizarea lor ca material termo \u015fi hidroizolant, dar \u00een acela\u015fi timp \u015fi un mijloc estetic.
\nFolosite de-a lungul a peste cinci secole \u015fi av\u00e2nd un rol determinant \u00een arhitectur\u00e3, pl\u00e3cile ceramice (azulejos) constituie pentru Portugalia nu numai o stare de spirit, dar \u015fi o emblem\u00e3.
\nImaginea reprodus\u00e3 pe timbrul cu valoarea nominal\u00e3 de 2,10 Lei ilustreaz\u00e3 un azulejo, ce dateaz\u00e3 din secolul al XVIII, Lisabona \u015fi face parte din colec\u0163ia Muzeului Na\u0163ional de Azulejo, din Lisabona.<\/p>\n

Data Aparitie:2010-06-30<\/p>\n

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