<\/a>Romfilatelia<\/strong> \u00eel omagiaz\u0103 pe marele voievod al \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, introduc\u00e2nd \u00een circula\u0163ie emisiunea de m\u0103rci po\u0219tale Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n, 600 de ani de la moarte<\/em><\/strong>. Pe timbrul cu valoarea nominal\u0103 de 8 lei<\/strong> este ilustrat\u0103 statuia lui Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n aflat\u0103 \u00een patrimoniul Muzeului Na\u021bional al Literaturii Rom\u00e2ne. Opera apar\u021bine sculptorului Paul Vasilescu (1936-2012), un artist care s-a remarcat prin lucr\u0103rile sale de art\u0103 monumental\u0103 \u0219i portretistic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1355, \u015fi a urcat pe tronul \u021a\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti la 23 septembrie 1386, fiind al cincilea domnitor dup\u0103 Basarab \u00centemeietorul. \u00cen tradi\u021bia medieval\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 nu exista obiceiul num\u0103r\u0103rii voievozilor cu acela\u0219i nume, astfel c\u0103 i s-a spus \u201ecel B\u0103tr\u00e2n\u201d cu sensul de \u201ecel din vechime\u201d, spre a fi deosebit de Mircea Ciobanul, care a domnit \u00een veacul al XVI-lea. Fiu al lui Radu Vod\u0103, Mircea a ajuns domn al \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti dup\u0103 moartea fratelui vitreg, Dan. Prin mama sa Calinichia, Mircea se \u00eenrudea cu familiile boiere\u0219ti din Oltenia, iar prin so\u021bie, doamna Mara, cu W\u0142adys\u0142aw Jagie\u0142\u0142o, regele Poloniei. A avut mai mul\u021bi fii, care, ulterior, s-au luptat \u00eentre ei pentru ob\u021binerea tronului \u021a\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti.<\/p>\n

Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n s-a remarcat prin realiz\u0103ri \u00een plan politic, economic \u0219i cultural. Sub domnia sa, \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a ajuns la extinderea maxim\u0103 pe care a cunoscut-o \u00een istorie. Grani\u021bele \u00eencepeau la vest cu feuda primit\u0103 de la Sigismund de Luxemburg, \u00een Banatul de Severin, \u00een nord treceau peste Carpa\u021bi, p\u00e2n\u0103 la izvoarele Oltului, iar \u00een est a cucerit Dobrogea, extinz\u00e2ndu-\u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nirea p\u00e2n\u0103 la nord de Delta Dun\u0103rii. Voievodul a promovat politici de bun\u0103 vecin\u0103tate cu \u021b\u0103rile din jur. A acceptat s\u0103-i fie vasal regelui Ungariei, Sigismund de Luxemburg, \u00eens\u0103 monarhul maghiar i-a acordat ca feude Amla\u0219ul, F\u0103g\u0103ra\u0219ul \u0219i Banatul de Severin, dar \u0219i Castelul Bran sau domeniul Bologa. Rela\u021biile cu Moldova au fost de asemenea cordiale, iar prin intermediul domnitorului Petru Mu\u0219at a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eencheie o alian\u021b\u0103 cu Polonia.<\/p>\n

Voievodul s-a preocupat s\u0103 centralizeze statul \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eent\u0103reasc\u0103 capacitatea administra\u021biei de a colecta taxe \u0219i de a mobiliza osta\u0219i. A \u00eenzestrat armata, iar \u00een punctele strategice ale \u021b\u0103rii a consolidat cet\u0103\u021bile existente, sau a construit altele noi. O prioritate a domniei sale a fost stimularea schimburilor comerciale cu \u021b\u0103rile vecine, iar negustorilor din Bra\u0219ov \u0219i Liov le-a acordat privilegii comerciale importante. Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n a stimulat activitatea economic\u0103 prin emiterea de monede, care s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een toate zonele controlate de voievod.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, domnitorul a ctitorit m\u0103n\u0103stiri \u0219i biserici pe tot cuprinsul \u021b\u0103rii. A\u0219ez\u0103mintele religioase au devenit centre de cultur\u0103, prin activitatea copi\u0219tilor \u0219i caligrafilor, dar \u0219i prin \u00eenfiin\u021barea unor \u0219coli de pictur\u0103 bisericeasc\u0103.<\/p>\n

Domnia lui Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n a coincis \u00eens\u0103 cu extinderea puterii Imperiului Otoman \u00een Balcani. Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva incursiuni ale turcilor la nord de Dun\u0103re, a avut loc o expedi\u021bie condus\u0103 de sultanul Baiazid I, care a vizat transformarea \u021b\u0103rii \u00een provincie otoman\u0103. \u00cenfruntarea decisiv\u0103 de la Rovine (dat\u0103 incert\u0103: 10 octombrie 1394, sau 17 mai 1395) s-a \u00eencheiat cu e\u0219ecul invadatorilor. Mircea s-a al\u0103turat ulterior o\u0219tilor cruciate care \u00eencercau \u00eendep\u0103rtarea turcilor din Europa, dar expedi\u021bia de la Nicopol (25 septembrie 1396), organizat\u0103 de regele Sigismund cu participarea voievozilor \u021a\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, Transilvaniei \u0219i a unor importante contingente burgunde \u0219i franceze, s-a \u00eencheiat printr-un dezastru pentru tab\u0103ra crucia\u0163ilor. Baiazid a c\u0103zut \u00een m\u00e2inile rivalilor mongoli, iar Mircea \u0219i-a protejat \u021bara \u00een ultimii ani de via\u021b\u0103 prin implicarea \u00een luptele pentru putere de la curtea otoman\u0103. Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n a murit pe 31 ianuarie 1418, \u015fi este \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat la m\u0103n\u0103stirea Cozia.<\/p>\n

Pe coli\u021ba dantelat\u0103 a emisiunii de m\u0103rci po\u0219tale este reprodus\u0103 o fresc\u0103 de la Biserica Br\u0103detu (jud. Arge\u0219), ctitorie a lui Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n, pe care voievodul apare pictat al\u0103turi de so\u021bia sa, doamna Mara.<\/p>\n

Timbrul coli\u021bei dantelate are valoarea nominal\u0103 de 16 lei<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Romfilatelia mul\u0163ume\u0219te \u00cenaltpreasfin\u021bitului P\u0103rinte Calinic, Arhiepiscop al Arge\u015fului \u015fi Muscelului, Muzeului Na\u021bional al Literaturii Rom\u00e2ne, Prim\u0103riei municipiului Pite\u015fti \u015fi Institutului de Istorie \u201eNicolae Iorga\u201d pentru sprijinul documentar acordat la realizarea acestei emisiuni de m\u0103rci po\u0219tale, precum \u0219i fotografului Lucian Tudose. <\/em><\/p>\n

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